Strategies, problems, and facilitators in the spiritual development of children and adolescents: a description based on the accounts of schools’ directors from Valparaíso, Chile
Main Article Content
Abstract
During the last decade, research concerning director’s leadership has increased in Chile. However, there is no gathered information about what they do or do not do in regards to their students’ spiritual development, an aspect regulated by Chile’s General Law of Education. This article approaches different aspects concerning the strategies used by directors from secular and religious schools from the province of Valparaíso, based on their accounts, in order to create conditions that promote their students’ spiritual development, as well as the problems, and facilitators involved therein. The directors reflect how they approach this subject based on ethics and/or values as the way of complying with the law and they describe the stress caused by the importance ascribe to their students’ spiritual development and the actual feasibility of them managing strategies that promote this type of development.
Article Details
References
Barber, M., Whelan, F., & Clark, M. (2010). Capturing the Leadership Premium. How the World’s Top School Systems are Building Leadership Capacity for the Future. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Public%20and%20Social%20Sector/Our%20Insights/Capturing%20the%20leadership%20premium/Capturing%20the%20leadership%20premium.pdf
Bush, T., & Glover, D. (2003). School Leadership: Concepts and Evidence. National College for School Leadership.
Bush, T. (2013). Instructional Leadership and Leadership for Learning: Global and South African Perspectives. Education as Change, 17(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/16823206.2014.865986
Day, C. (2007). What Being a Successful Principal Really Means: An International Perspective. Educational Leadership and Administration, 19, 13-24.
Elacqua, G., Martínez, M., & Aninat, C. (2010). ¿Cómo fortalecer la educación pública? Capacidad y responsabilidad política. En S. Martinic & G. Elacqua (Eds.), ¿Fin de ciclo? Cambios en la gobernanza del sistema educativo (pp. 101-130). Facultad de Educación de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile y la Oficina Regional para América Latina de UNESCO.
Farran, C., Miller, B., Kaufman, J., Donner, E., & Fogg, L. (1999). Finding Meaning Through Caregiving: Development of an Instrument for Family Caregivers of Persons with Alzhemer’s Disease. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 1107-1125. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199909)55:9<1107::AID-JCLP8>3.0.CO;2-V
Galdames, S., & Rodríguez, S. (2010). Líderes educativos previo a cargos directivos. Una nueva etapa de formación. REICE, 8(4), 50-64.
Hallinger, P. (2011). A Review of Three Decades of Doctoral Studies Using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale: A Lens on Methodological Progress in Educational Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 47(2), 271-306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X10383412
Holstein, J., & Gubrium, J. (1995). The Active Interview. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412986120
Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2006). Successful School Leadership. What it is and How it Influences Pupil Learning. National College for School Leadership.
Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2008). Seven Strong Claims about Successful School Leadership. School Leadership and Management, 28(1), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430701800060
Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., Hopkins, D., Harris, A., Gu, Q., & Brown, E. (2010). Ten Strong Claims about Successful School Leadership. NCSL.
López, V., Ahumada, L., Galdames, S., & Madrid, R. (2011). School Principals at their Lonely Work: Recording Workday Practices Through ESM Logs. Computers y Education, 58(1), 413-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.07.014
Ministerio de Educación. (2009). Ley 20370. Establece la Ley General de Educación. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1006043
______. (2004). Ley 19979. Modifica el régimen de jornada escolar completa diurna y otros cuerpos legales. http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=232146
______. (2015). Orientaciones para la revisión y actualización del Proyecto Educativo Institucional. https://bibliotecadigital.mineduc.cl/bitstream/handle/20.500.12365/549/MONO-467.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
______. (2015). Marco para la Buena Dirección y el Liderazgo Escolar. https://liderazgoeducativo.mineduc.cl/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2016/04/MBDLE_2015.pdf
Montecinos, C., Moya, L., Vargas, F., Berkowitz, D., & Cáceres, P. (2017). Caracterización de la enseñanza de la religión a partir de la implementación del Decreto 924/1983 en las escuelas públicas de Chile. Informe Final. Encargado por el Ministerio de Educación de Chile y el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, Chile. http://www.onar.gob.cl/wp-content/upLoads/2017/08/CARACTERIZACION_DE_LAS_CLASES_DE_RELIGION.pdf
Núñez, I., Weinstein, J., & Muñoz, G. (2012). ¿Posición olvidada? Una mirada desde la normativa a la historia de la dirección escolar en Chile (1929-2009). Psicoperspectivas, 9(2), 53-81. https://DOI:10.5027/PSICOPERSPECTIVAS-VOL9-ISSUE2-FULLTEXT-117
Olabuénaga, J. (2012). Metodología de la investigación cualitativa. Universidad de Deusto.
Plessis, P. (2013). The Principal as Instructional Leader: Guiding Schools to Improve Instruction. Education as Change, 17(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/16823206.2014.865992
Reeves, M. (2012). Efecto del liderazgo directivo en escuelas con altos niveles de vulnerabilidad social. En J. Weinstein & G. Muñoz (Eds.), ¿Qué sabemos sobre los directores de escuela en Chile? (pp. 307–324). Centro de Estudios de Políticas y Prácticas en Educación.
Robinson, V., Hohepa, M., & Lloyd, C. (2009). School Leadership and Student Outcomes: Identifying What Works and Why: Best Evidence Synthesis Iteration. University of Auckland and the New Zealand, Ministry of Education.
Torralba, F. (2012). Inteligencia espiritual en los niños. Plataforma Editorial.
Vallés, M. (2009). Entrevistas cualitativas. Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.
Vargas, F., & Moya, L. (2018a). Spiritual development: understanding and importance in schools: an analysis based on statements made by school directors from Valparaíso, Chile. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 23(3), 323-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2018.1488680
______. (2018b). Catholic religion teachers in Chile: an approach to identity building with regard to existing mission-profession tension. British Journal of Religious Education, 40(2), 207-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2016.1256267
______. (2019). El desarrollo espiritual en la Educación religiosa escolar. En J.L. Meza Rueda. La religión en la escuela. Aproximaciones al objeto de estudio de la Educación Religiosa Escolar. Editorial Javeriana.
______. (2020). Analyzing the Concept of Spiritual Development Based on Institutional Educational Projects from Schools Located in Valparaíso, Chile, Religious Education, 115(2), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2019.1677986
Weinstein, J., Fuenzalida, A. & Muñoz, G. (2010). La subvención preferencial: desde una difícil instalación hacia su institucionalización. En S. Martinic & G. Elacqua (Eds.), ¿Fin de ciclo? Cambios en la gobernanza del sistema educativo (pp. 111-182). Facultad de Educación de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile y la Oficina Regional para América Latina de UNESCO.
Weinstein, J. & Muñoz, G. (2012). ¿Qué sabemos sobre los directores de escuela en Chile? CEPPE.
Wright, A. (2000). Spirituality and Education. Psychology Press Routledge.